人教专题07 阅读理解（文章大意题）对策与训练-2023年高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解点对点刻意训练 解析版.docx

2023年高考英语第二轮复****点对点刻意训练
专题07 阅读理解（段落大意题）对策与训练 解析版
目录
内容
板块一
命题规律探究
板块二
高考真题引领
板块三
名校模拟演练
命题规律探究
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句(各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句)，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
①主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。
②主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。
③主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。
④主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。
一、文章大意题设题方式
1.What is the text mainly about?
2.What does the passage focus on?
3.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
二、正确选项的特征
1．通常不含细节信息的词。
2．通常不含绝对意义的词。
3．能概括全文或某段的全部内容；涵盖性强，精确度强，恰当的表意范围和情感色彩。
三、干扰选项的特征
1．过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。
2．以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。
3．移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。
4．主观臆测，无中生有，选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。
四、文章大意题思维导图
高考真题引领
（2022全国甲卷C篇，保留原题序号）
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always p