2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复****讲义(09)关系代词知识点总结整理 关系词也起句子的连接作用,但种类繁多,特别整理分享给大家。关系词总共有3种: 关系代词。关系代词主要有who,whom,which和that。关系代词用来引导定语从句。 例1:He is a man who always means what he says 例2:That’s the book which Ilike 例3:He works hard,which is a fact that we all know 在第1例中,who代替 a man ;例2中which代替the book;而在例3中,which代表he works hard,that代表a fact,相当于which。 ①关系代词使用有2个原则 A.关系代词前要有先行词(表人或事物的名词) B.关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要作主语、宾语和表语;否则关系单词前一定要有介词 解说: 例1.He is a good student who studies hard. Who在引导的定语从句中作主语,之前有先行词 a good student。所以句子正确 例2.He is a boy whom everyone loves. whom 在引导的定语从句中作宾语,之前有先行词 a boy。所以句子正确 例3.He is a man whom I enjoy working.这个句子正确吗?whom之前有先行词,满足第一原则;但是在定语从句中已经有主语I ,而working 为不及物动词变成的动名词,之后不能接宾语。所以whom在句中既不能作主语也不能做宾语。因此要加介词。 He is a man for whom I enjoy working (他是一个我很乐意为他工作的人) He is a man with whom I enjoy working. (他是一个我很乐意与他工作的人), 这里可以把介词放到后面形成:He is a man whom I enjoy working with. 介词置后可以省略关系代词形成:he is a man I enjoy working with. ② which除了代替事物,还可以代替之前的句子,但要用逗号隔开。 例. He smokes three packs of cigarettes a day,which definitely does harm to his health. ③that 也可做关系代词,取代who、whom或which,但使用that有两个条件。一是之前不能有逗号,二是之前不能有介词。 例. I like the girl that(who) is sitting there. ④但有些情况只能使用that: A. 序数词和最高级之后只能用that 例. Gambling is the last thing that I would do (赌博是我最不想做的事) She is the best girl that I have ever saw(她是我见过最好的女孩) B.All和Everything之后。 All(everything)that he s