人教专题 08 议论文（阅读理解题型突破）--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练 （解析版）.docx

专题 08 议论文（阅读理解题型突破）
--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练
（解析版）
【命题分析】
生态议论文是一种论述事理、发表意见、提出观点的问题。通过摆事实、讲道理、辩是非等方法，来树立某种观点或正误观点的总结。这类文章三个要素：论点、论据和论证。其中，论点是文章的灵魂；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是证明论点的方法和过程。文章内容包罗万象，非常丰富，主要选自原汁原味的国外期刊，如：Business Week, The Economist, News Week, Times等。主要谈论中外广泛关注的热点问题。
【命题方向】
议论文一般语言精练，论证严密，难度较大。多以细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题为主。
【解题技能】
确定论点（精读首段）
首段往往出现议论文的主旨，尤其关注however, but, yet等词后面的内容，其后面的内容就是论点。
明确论证方式（研读中间段）
论证部分会出现在中间段，这也是文章的主体部分。在中间段中查找与细节理解题的对应词。
得出结论（重在尾段）
尾段就是结论部分，要深度理解长难句，弄清作者得出什么结论。
论证方法
举例子； 作对比； 列数字； 引用等。
词句猜测题突破实战演练
1.（2022年湖北武汉·高三统考期末）
I was not worried about the American education system until after I started writing a column, because that’s when I found out there are English teachers who assign my column as reading material. I regularly get e-mails from students asking about my use of writing techniques and other things I’ve never heard of. To which I respond, “Transfer (转学) high schools immediately! To one that teaches Shakespeare and Homer instead of the thoughtful commentary of a first-rate modern wisdom! Also, don’t do drugs! ”
I can expect to be sending more of these e-mails because of the Common Core State Standards (共同核心国家标准), which public schools are encouraged to follow. The new curriculum standards dramatically shift about half the nation’s high school English reading lists toward an emphasis on nonfiction. In a speech last year, David Coleman, the new president of the College Board, who was one of the chief creators of the Common Core, said, “It is rare in a working environment that someone says, ‘Johnson, I need a market analysis by Friday, but before that I need a vivid account of your childhood.’” I agree with this, but no one has ever asked me for a market analysis.
Coleman’s idea is that by reading clear, tightly structured nonfiction, kids will learn how to write clear, tightly structured nonfiction. And indeed, the first time I write in a new format-travel e